effect of substitution中文是什么意思

• 替代效应

• "effect"中文翻译    n. 1.结果。 2.效能，效果，效力，效应，作用，功效 ...
• "substitution"中文翻译    n. 1.代，代用，代替，更替，置换。 2.【化学】取代 ...
• "substitution effect" 中文翻译 :    代用效果; 替代效果; 替代效应; 置换效应
• "cross-substitution effect" 中文翻译 :    交叉替代效应
• "upward substitution effect" 中文翻译 :    向上替代影响
• "substitution" 中文翻译 :    n. 1.代，代用，代替，更替，置换。 2.【化学】取代；【数学】代换；代入；【法律】预定继承人；【语法】词的代用。 adj. -al ,-ary adj.
• "substitution no" 中文翻译 :    三号上
• "abnormal substitution" 中文翻译 :    非正常换人
• "address substitution" 中文翻译 :    地址代换; 地址替换
• "alien substitution" 中文翻译 :    异种代换,异源替代系,异代换系
• "alkyl substitution" 中文翻译 :    烷基取代
• "allow substitution" 中文翻译 :    允许替换
• "allyl substitution" 中文翻译 :    烯丙位取代
• "allylic substitution" 中文翻译 :    烯丙取代; 烯丙位取代
• "alpha substitution" 中文翻译 :    α取代
• "alternative substitution" 中文翻译 :    可用的代用品
• "anionoid substitution" 中文翻译 :    类阴离子取代
• "anomalous substitution" 中文翻译 :    反常取代
• "aromatic substitution" 中文翻译 :    芳香族取代; 芳族取代
• "axiom of substitution" 中文翻译 :    替换公理
• "back substitution" 中文翻译 :    倒转代换; 回代; 逆计算
• "backward substitution" 中文翻译 :    后退代入
• "base substitution" 中文翻译 :    碱基取代; 碱基替换; 碱基置换; 盐基替换
• "beta substitution" 中文翻译 :    β-取代
• "casing substitution" 中文翻译 :    套管异径接头

• The effects of substitution degree on retrogradation and anti - mycotic were less
  取代度的变化对沉降性和抗霉菌能力影响不大。
• Because of taxation in connection with the loss of the property right and profit and the effect of substitution of taxation , taxing or not in one side depends on the existing economic circumstance
  由于征税活动不仅直接关系到相关主体财产权的损益，而且由于征税所具有的替代效应，因此，一种税的开征于否，一方面既离不开现实的经济环境，也必须有相应的理论依据。
• The effects of substitution degree on paste viscosity , clarity , freeze - thaw stability , retrogradation , gelatinization difficult or easy degree , salt tolerance , sucrose tolerance and anti - mycotic characteristics of colocasia esculenta schott starch phosphate ester were studied
  摘要研究了香芋淀粉磷酸脂的糊粘度、透明度、冻融稳定性、沉降稳定性、糊化难易程度、耐糖、耐盐和抗霉菌能力。
• The reason that ec can improve the competitive ability of firms lies in the fact that , the cost of firms can relatively contracted , and the firms have the competitive advantages of enlarging without boundary . the relatively contracting of firms cost means , the effect of diminishing of managerial costs can simultaneously occurred in the fields of production costs , marginal costs , and transaction costs , with the results that the barriers of competition was founded because of the higher transaction costs of provision regarding to the businessmen of productions and services , which are caused by the reduction of production costs rendered by higher productivity , and of managerial costs rendered by the effect of substitution of soft manufactory technology . the relative enlarging of the optimal bound of firms means , that the firms can share managerial costs through the effect of scale of management by the employment of ec , that the scale of firms is enlarged while the managerial costs are cut as a result of the distributing of managerial costs to every liners and proceeds of the firms , which means that the same managerial costs can be used by larger - scaled firms
  电子商务之所以能提高企业竞争力，是因为企业成本相对收缩和企业的无边界扩张竞争优势，所谓企业成本相对收缩即边际成本递减，这种边际成本递减效应可以同时出现在生产成本、管理成本和交易成本三个领域中，电子商务通过提高劳动生产率来降低生产成本，柔性制造技术的替代效应降低了库存管理成本，与此同时，电子商务减少企业与消费者之间的环节，缩短路径距离而降低企业内外的交易成本，提高了企业产品和服务分销商改变供货方式的交易成本，使之形成企业竞争的壁垒；所谓企业最优边界的相对扩张，是指由于规模管理效应即电子商务运用信息技术使企业以低信息成本共享管理成本，使企业总体管理成本分摊到各个管理环节和流程中，企业规模扩大而边际管理成本逐渐下降，相同的管理成本可用于管理更大规模的企业，即随着电子商务在企业中的应用，企业的最优边界相对扩张了。